- Journal of Studies in Religion, Spirituality & Management is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal publ... moreJournal of Studies in Religion, Spirituality & Management is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal published by Research Institute of Hawzah and University (RIHU), the leading research institute in Islamic Humanities and Social Sciences in Iran. Journal of Studies in Religion, Spirituality & Management has been established as the first scientific publication in the field of Islamic management in Iran to provide an intellectual platform for national and international researchers working on issues related to management with emphasis on Islamic approaches. Journal of Studies in Religion, Spirituality & Management publishes original research papers on the latest developments in all the fields of management with strong emphasis on originality and scientific quality. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles in all areas related to Islamic management.edit
- Tavak'koli, Abdullahedit
Among the scientific trends that could find accepted position in the humanities, in contrast to the prevalent positivism, was conventionalism. Conventionalism in its branches including the organizational studies is intended to use the... more
Among the scientific trends that could find accepted position in the humanities, in contrast to the prevalent positivism, was conventionalism. Conventionalism in its branches including the organizational studies is intended to use the knowledge results of different paradigms and tries to benefit from all the available conceivable possibilities to recognize organization. The most notably example of these efforts is the Morgan's use of metaphors to understand and deal with organization problems. These metaphors are not meant to be exhaustive and he acknowledges that they can be used individually or in combination to guide our understanding of organizations and organization problems. His aim is to show how metaphor is central to our thinking about organization and management and open new possibilities. This trend regardless of the reciprocal fundamentals in different paradigms fostered a paradoxical suggestion in itself. In contrast to this approach, the present paper introduces Allameh Tabataba'i's Meta-theory of E'tebariat (Agreed Perceptions) as a stronger version for human sciences that can provide a growing capacity for the Morgan's Images of Organization.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the components and methods used in Islamic management research in order to select managers of organizations based on Islamic criteria in the research and in the method of synthesis research.... more
The purpose of this study was to identify the components and methods used in Islamic management research in order to select managers of organizations based on Islamic criteria in the research and in the method of synthesis research. Methodological approach in this qualitative study was using synthesis strategy and content analysis method. Referring to reliable databases and data, there were found 157 articles in the field of Islamic management during the years 1380 to 1396, many of which were unrelated to the objectives of the present study and were published by non-academic writers, among which there were a number 43 articles were selected as sample and purposefully. Findings of the research showed that the most important indicators identified in the field of Islamic management research were: Ordinary Ethics, Religion and Al-Khudjouri, Justice, Softness, and Good Behavior, Al-Sadr, Piety, Thought and Thought, Integrity, Modesty and modesty, courage, simple biology, specialization, trusteeship, forgiveness, consultation and co-operation, legalism, meritocracy. Among other findings of the present study, we can use the qualitative research method as a dominant method in Islamic management studies. Of the 43 articles reviewed, 15 papers have been published individually and 28 articles have been published collectively, and men have been the most involved in these studies. Most of the resources used in Islamic management studies related to the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational commitment and organizational innovation on resistance economy. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data,... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational commitment and organizational innovation on resistance economy. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, descriptive-correlation was used. The statistical population of this research included all employees of the General Directorate of Education in Tehran, numbering 500. Using a simple random sampling method, 217 people were selected as the sample size. For data collection, Allan & Meer (1990), Organizational Innovation Pylyadz, Pegrago and Sohehl (2006) and researcher-made resilience economics questionnaire, which was taken from the Supreme Leader's Guide in Nowruz's message of 1395, was used to collect data. After collecting questionnaires, the data were analyzed by means of mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency and table, and the statistical inference of the data through structural equation modeling and using Smart PLS 2 software in two parts of the model. The structural section was carried out. In the first part, technical characteristics of the questionnaire including reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity of PLS-specific questionnaire were investigated. In the second section, path coefficients and software significance coefficients were used to study the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that organizational commitment and its components include emotional, continuous and normative commitment as well as organizational innovation and its components including core production, core process and central organization on resistive economy from the viewpoint of staff of the General Directorate of Education in Tehran Has an effect.
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The business is one of the most important subject in the world and it is considered to be the driving force behind the economy of any country. Having the Islamic Republic of Iran from an efficient business system and economy requires a... more
The business is one of the most important subject in the world and it is considered to be the driving force behind the economy of any country. Having the Islamic Republic of Iran from an efficient business system and economy requires a culture of values that are consistent with the nature of Islamic law. This research is aimed at identifying value components in business and economic operations. In order to achieve the goal, while reviewing the theoretical foundations and the basis of the research, the religious foundations were investigated. The present research is an applied research in terms of research type. In essence, it is a descriptive qualitative research that was collected and analyzed through library studies and documentary review. In this research, the components and indices of the religious foundations related to the subjects of economics and business are classified in two general and specific dimensions and are proportional to two general dimensions in subcategories dependent on each one. Finally, the indicators of jihad management are 24 items, components and criteria extracted from the verses of the Holy Qur'an and narratives and hadiths in the general field of business, 53 components and in the professional and professional aspect of the business are 58 components and components Considering the resistance economy that comes from the Supreme Leader's statement, there are 26 cases.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ethical attributes on the performance of managers, based on Nahj al-Balaghah which is the manifestation of the theoretical and practical instructions of Imam Ali (AS). This study... more
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ethical attributes on the performance of managers, based on Nahj al-Balaghah which is the manifestation of the theoretical and practical instructions of Imam Ali (AS). This study aims to prove that the correct application of ethical management in religious organizations will institutionalize ethical values. In addition, there will be many positive results, most notably the achievement of the organization's strategic goals. To answer the research question, first the components of individual and social ethics were extracted using Nahj al-Balaghah and after that, their impact on key performance factors emphasizing the dimensions of building trust and commitment and establishing justice was studied. Findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between ethics and performance. The components of trust, commitment and performance in the holy shrine of hazrat Masoumeh (S) are in a good condition, but the components of justice are not in a good condition.
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Given the importance of ethics in the value system of Islam and the impact of its dimensions on other value and cultural systems, it can be predicted that the Islamic work ethic will affect professional ethics. The purpose of this study... more
Given the importance of ethics in the value system of Islam and the impact of its dimensions on other value and cultural systems, it can be predicted that the Islamic work ethic will affect professional ethics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Islamic work ethic on professional ethics in accounting instructors. The leading study is, from the point of view of the objective, and in terms of survey practice. The survey was done through a questionnaire and a random sampling was conducted in 1396 in a virtual manner in 132 academic staff. To analyze the results in the form of three main hypotheses, structural equations and single sample t were used in Smart PLS and SPSS version 22 software. The findings showed that Islamic work ethic has an impact on professional ethics and with increasing levels of Islamic work ethics, one can expect an increase in the level of adherence to professional ethics in accounting instructors. Also, the level of Islamic and professional work ethics in the community is higher than average. The main findings of this study proved the need for more attention to the level of Islamic work ethic of accounting instructors, so that in view of its wide impact, in the future, the level of professional ethics in the accounting profession could be improved.
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Having capable human resources and familiar with the teaching of Islamic education considered as capital for organizations.One of the effective factors in the empowerment of employees in organizations is teaching of Holy Quran. Powerful... more
Having capable human resources and familiar with the teaching of Islamic education considered as capital for organizations.One of the effective factors in the empowerment of employees in organizations is teaching of Holy Quran. Powerful organizations confer their duties to empowerment people. The purpose of the present study is the impact of educational teachings of the Holy Quran on empowering the employees of Quds city (Shahr-e Qods) Municipality, Cultural and Social Sports Organization. Based on the objective the research method is considered practical and semi- tentative. Due to the mass of statistical society research of teachers ,Mentioned employees of organization was 50 persons. Number of samples according to table of Krschy equal to 43 persons .Sampling was done randomly. The tool of collecting data, questionnaire of psychological empowerment, human resources Spritzer (1995) used to measure the four dimensions of empowerment. The final factor of the empowerment questionaire is 0.81 .
The result of the research shows that educational teaching of the Quran causes enhance ment in all features of staffs capability.
The result of the research shows that educational teaching of the Quran causes enhance ment in all features of staffs capability.
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One of the most important requirements of interaction between organizations with employees having a spirit of sincerity. Therefore, this article seeks grounded using a systematic approach to analyze the discourse of Imam Khomeini and Imam... more
One of the most important requirements of interaction between organizations with employees having a spirit of sincerity. Therefore, this article seeks grounded using a systematic approach to analyze the discourse of Imam Khomeini and Imam Khamenei (Mdzlhalaly) and organizational integrity mechanisms to provide the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Islamic Revolution. In this regard, all written and relevant as Tmamkhvany His remarks were studied. Following a detailed analysis of selected texts were analyzed through coding. The results show the number, code 1865, 38 sub-themes groups, 124 concept, the three sub-categories and 12 categories were identified. The results indicate that organizational integrity mechanisms studied from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader, including Vlaytmdary, insight, spirituality, education, commander / director, service, ethics, Mrdmdary, Nvshvndgy, Rftartvanmndshdh, Pyshrvndgy and It is self-reliance.
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Ethics is defined by the Muslim scholars as some sustainable traits and characteristics in one's self that cause things to be done in accordance with those traits by one's without any thinking and spontaneously. The Islamic Ethics... more
Ethics is defined by the Muslim scholars as some sustainable traits and characteristics in one's self that cause things to be done in accordance with those traits by one's without any thinking and spontaneously. The Islamic Ethics determines if these characteristics are true or false according to the framework of Islamic concepts, while the concepts of Islamic work ethics determine the function of the framework of Islamic concepts within human work activities in various organizations. Studies show that there is a meaningful relationship between Islamic work ethics and different individual, professional and organizational factors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Islamic work ethics and organizational commitment with its aspects including continuous commitment, emotional commitment, and normative commitment and also the relationship between Islamic work ethics and organizational culture with its aspects including integration, organizational leadership, dominant characteristics, management of employees, strategic emphases, and success criterion. The population of this study includes 600 employees of the research and higher education centers in Qom. Using Krejcie and Morgan's table for determining sample size, 234 people were selected as the sample. The study variables are measured through three questionnaires: organizational commitment of Labtmediene et al., organizational culture of Cameron and Quinn and Islamic work ethics of Darwish. The results of correlation test and regression show that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between Islamic work ethics and organizational commitment with its aspects and also a meaningful and positive relationship between Islamic work ethics and organizational culture with its aspects.
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The objective of this research is to study the impact of human resource management on promoting the professional ethics in the research and religious centers of Qom province. The main question is: how much does the human resource... more
The objective of this research is to study the impact of human resource management on promoting the professional ethics in the research and religious centers of Qom province. The main question is: how much does the human resource management effect on promoting the professional ethics in the research and religious centers of Qom province? The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey. The population of present study consists of 420 researchers and faculty members of eight research and religious centers of Qom province. The sample size is 200 and collecting data is done by analyzing questionnaires which their reliability is 90%.
Based on Pearson correlation test, there is a meaningful relationship between the independent variables of the human resource management and the quality of professional ethics and there isn't a meaningful relationship between the variables of the social status and the quality of professional ethics. By regression results, it is found that the variable of the human resource management with ratio of 18% has a direct effect on the quality of professional ethics.
This study presents a general model for analyzing the professional ethics pattern in the research and religious centers of Qom province. Some suggestions are given: elite selecting, focusing on job competency, considering both specialty and moral competency in recruitment and selection, applying competency evaluations, measuring spirituality and IQ in selection, considering self-sufficiency, competency and self-actualization in evaluating and promoting the employees, formulating professional ethics regulation, ranking the religious centers based on the professional ethics, revising research regulations based on professional ethics and researchers' spiritual rights.
Based on Pearson correlation test, there is a meaningful relationship between the independent variables of the human resource management and the quality of professional ethics and there isn't a meaningful relationship between the variables of the social status and the quality of professional ethics. By regression results, it is found that the variable of the human resource management with ratio of 18% has a direct effect on the quality of professional ethics.
This study presents a general model for analyzing the professional ethics pattern in the research and religious centers of Qom province. Some suggestions are given: elite selecting, focusing on job competency, considering both specialty and moral competency in recruitment and selection, applying competency evaluations, measuring spirituality and IQ in selection, considering self-sufficiency, competency and self-actualization in evaluating and promoting the employees, formulating professional ethics regulation, ranking the religious centers based on the professional ethics, revising research regulations based on professional ethics and researchers' spiritual rights.
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Moral philosophy consists of normative ethics and meta-ethics. Also normative ethics theories are divided into teleological and deontological. One of the most rooted teleological theories is utilitarianism developed by Bentham and Mill in... more
Moral philosophy consists of normative ethics and meta-ethics. Also normative ethics theories are divided into teleological and deontological. One of the most rooted teleological theories is utilitarianism developed by Bentham and Mill in the nineteenth century. According to utilitarianism, a moral action is an action that creates the most good for the most people. In this paper, after describing Bentham and Mill's views, the standard of utility and how to calculate it and also the most criticisms on utilitarianism are discussed. This approach has effected on management and organization knowledge through the management philosophy and theories. From the viewpoint of philosophy, the organizations that work in a competitive environment and aim to maximum their shareholder values, in contrast with public organizations, can't be utilitarian. Also in the management theories, decision-making as the main part of management can adapt itself to the characteristics of utilitarianism and leadership as an informal and effective process among people can be morally utilitarian by adopting the participative approach
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It is so much obvious that the religious beliefs and values effect on the behavior of each person as well as organizational managers. Although among religious values and beliefs, the concept of reliance on God plays an important... more
It is so much obvious that the religious beliefs and values effect on the behavior of each person as well as organizational managers. Although among religious values and beliefs, the concept of reliance on God plays an important functional role in managers' behavior and management processes, especially decision-making process, management scientists have taken it into consideration less. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide the behavioral and observational indicators of reliance. These indicators were identified through interviewing ten Islamic management experts selected by snowball sampling. Delphi method was applied to ensure the findings of interviews and the behavioral - observational nature of indicators. Finally, thirteen behavioral and nineteen observational indicators related to reliance were identified.
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Nowadays in the very competitive market, the organizations need to maintain the expert manpower much more than before and so offering the rewards is a strategy to achieve that, because the employees as the knowledge sources and valuable... more
Nowadays in the very competitive market, the organizations need to maintain the expert manpower much more than before and so offering the rewards is a strategy to achieve that, because the employees as the knowledge sources and valuable capitals, in terms of today's rapid changes, are the most important competitive advantage for the organizations. So, it should be considered both the material needs and immaterial needs. The Holy Koran first depicts a clean life and then shows us how to reach it using different ways for creating the motivation in humans. Encouraging by offering the rewards is one of the most important ways for creating the motivation in humans to reach the clean life and favorable goal. In this research some definitions of spiritual and intangible are given through studying of theoretical background. But because the related researches have been done in accordance with western literature, this study also investigates the attributes and criteria of spiritual rewards from Islamic view. Thus, the qualitative content analysis has been conducted on all Ayats of the Holy Koran based on the book Tafsir Nemouneh by Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi et al. and the letters, lectures and sayings of the book Nahjol Balagheh translated by Feizol Islam. As a result, two main attributes of worldly and hereafter spiritual rewards are determined and some criteria are presented to evaluate the organizations. In the end, there are some solutions to implement the spiritual rewards in the organizations like education and to conduct and appreciate the employees by applying the effective role of motivation in the growth and excellence of them in connection with the Islamic teachings.
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An enormous number of researches related to Islamic management have studied different approaches and issues and it seems that there is no research on how to develop Islamic management. The aim of this study is to describe how Islamic... more
An enormous number of researches related to Islamic management have studied different approaches and issues and it seems that there is no research on how to develop Islamic management. The aim of this study is to describe how Islamic management has been developed in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, this development is divided into four particular periods or decades that every period will be discussed in a certain paper. In the first part of these papers, the contexts and emergence of Islamic management are described. The purpose of this paper is to trace the contexts and process of emergence of Islamic management. The paper applies the meta-analysis method and the scope of study is the first decade of revolution. The population is all existing resources related to Islamic management in that decade. Findings show that in the first decade of revolution, Islamic management was born in Iran and then it has passed the neonatal stage. In addition, studies show that although there have been some initial achievements during that decade specifically in practice and in the military field, there are still some challenges particularly in theory.
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Since human beings are social, they are influenced by the atmosphere of their society, typically motivated by it and meet their needs and realize their beliefs and goals. Thus, it can be said that a person trapped in the western thought... more
Since human beings are social, they are influenced by the atmosphere of their society, typically motivated by it and meet their needs and realize their beliefs and goals. Thus, it can be said that a person trapped in the western thought often meets only material needs, while based on the Islamic teachings, a human being is not only a material phenomenon, also as the most respected creature, he/she has an excellent spiritual aspect that should be realized. Regarding that, the paper first discusses briefly the role of motivation in the individual and social behavior of the human beings and then investigates it from the viewpoints of western and Islamic theories. So after describing the principles of motivation based on the current western theories, it is summarized the most important equivalents of motivation in Koranic Ayats. In addition, the early and contemporary Islamic scholars' views on motivation are brought up and because of that, an Islamic theoretical framework is formed. This framework can be a basis of better understanding of Islamic and Muslim scholars' views on motivation and it leads us to conclude that although unfortunately there aren't some specific theories due to existing a discontinuity of happened scientific flow in some Islamic scientific areas, like forward issue, there is a capability to develop the Islamic theories on motivation.
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The main goal of this research was to study the relation between Islamic work ethic and employee's creativity in Kazeroon's organizations. The research method was descriptive and 65 employees were selected based on Cochran formula via... more
The main goal of this research was to study the relation between Islamic work ethic and employee's creativity in Kazeroon's organizations. The research method was descriptive and 65 employees were selected based on Cochran formula via cluster sampling method. Tools have been used in this research were two Islamic causal work ethic questionnaire (2001) and Rend sip creativity questionnaire where their reliability and validity were acceptable. Research data were investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and multi-variable regression. Results confirmed that there was significant relation between Islamic work ethic and employee's creativity (>ρ0/01, r=0/56). The results obtained from the t-test suggests that there was no significant difference between the work ethic of employees below 35 years and above (t=1/15, ρ=0/25). The results of multi-variable regression analysis showed that there was not significant relation among gender, education level and work experience of employees and their Islamic work ethic.
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Justice has various economic, political, cultural and administrative dimensions. In the sphere of organization, which has had a vast hegemony over human life today, justice is not an ideal but a necessity. The main question of this... more
Justice has various economic, political, cultural and administrative dimensions. In the sphere of organization, which has had a vast hegemony over human life today, justice is not an ideal but a necessity. The main question of this research was: what were the indices of organizational justice, those which their implementation facilitates the achievement of justice in organization. Notions of justice are listed as follows: putting everything in its own place, fairness, equality, respecting for human rights, bringing everybody who is entitled to all of his deserved rights and being moderate, and is of three types; distributive, procedural, and interactional.The most important indicesof organizational justice mentioned in Nahjolbalagheh are justice among managers, justice in selection and recruitment of employees, establishing a meritocratic system, justice in policy making, justice in monitoring and evaluation of employees performances, justice in paying salaries, wages and bonuses. This research used an analytical-descriptive method.
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Quran and tradition of Prophet Mohammad and his family (Ahlulbayt) have been considered as the major sources of understanding religion. In one sense, understanding management from the viewpoint of Islam is that of understanding Prophet's... more
Quran and tradition of Prophet Mohammad and his family (Ahlulbayt) have been considered as the major sources of understanding religion. In one sense, understanding management from the viewpoint of Islam is that of understanding Prophet's tradition (Sunnah), which has only became possible through referring to Quran as the foundation, observing traditions (Sunnah) as the source of presenting orders and tracking Ahlulbayt's conduct (Sire) asrepresentative and interpreter of Qur'an and tradition (Sunnah). Following other methods of management research usually leads to observation of Muslim's methods of management or eclectically generalizing semi-Islamic believes. This kind of eclecticism comes in three types: Ideological hybridization which originates from dogmatic, non-religious and ideological believes, scientific eclecticism which its foundation rests on the astonished semi-scientific believes and eclecticism in action comes from individual or collective experiences of Muslims. Hence, Islamic management will find the probability of getting defined when it gets removed from this threefold eclecticism.
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In general, due to the preceding of psychological approach over sociological approach in describing organizations, the role of governments and business organizations in developing countries has been argued in this paper. What has been... more
In general, due to the preceding of psychological approach over sociological approach in describing organizations, the role of governments and business organizations in developing countries has been argued in this paper. What has been neglected in the related scientific literature inside and abroad the country is role of NGOs in social development. NGOs that their numbers are increasing on a daily basis are divided into two categories of sacred and non-sacred. Some debateshave been made about NGOs, but conceptualizing faith based organizations which are NGO and sacred, has been remained obsolete. A faith-based organization has double effectiveness than other NGOs in providing social services and that is because of its faith capacity.
This paper which is a case studysought to reveal the importance of these organizations more than ever before. To do, primarily with explaining normative rationality and conceptualization of faith based organizations, creating this type of organization was justified. Then, it studied these types of organizations. Finally, the role of faith-based organizations to provide social services was discussed.
This paper which is a case studysought to reveal the importance of these organizations more than ever before. To do, primarily with explaining normative rationality and conceptualization of faith based organizations, creating this type of organization was justified. Then, it studied these types of organizations. Finally, the role of faith-based organizations to provide social services was discussed.
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This paper examined the relationship between the two basic criteria "virtue" and "competence" in Islamic Management. Studies showed that from the perspective of management scholars in the West virtues and technical competencies have been... more
This paper examined the relationship between the two basic criteria "virtue" and "competence" in Islamic Management. Studies showed that from the perspective of management scholars in the West virtues and technical competencies have been taken identical and primarily in Western management paradigm no distinction has been drawn between these two measuresin most cases (MC Cowli and Lawtan, 2006). Regarding the fact that virtuesdefinedsomewhatdifferentlyin Islam fromwhat has been inthe West by the dominant view, in this paper by using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews it is tried to answer this question that does virtues have the same value as technical merits and competencies or is there significant difference between them in Islamic management which its basic valueshave differed somewhatfrom thevalues ofWesternmanagement? The statistical population for this study was as follows: a group of faculty members anddoctoral students of management at University of Tehran, University of Tarbiat Modarres and University of Allameh Tabatabaei, well-knowledgeable in principles of Islamic management and also number of Hawzah scholars, typically experts in the field of Islamic management.
Findings from the data analysis showed thatrespondents, besides making distinction between virtues and competencies, in most cases have not taken these two criteria necessarily identical from the perspective of Islamic managementand contrary to popular opinion in the West and subsequently in Western management paradigm, virtue and competence criteria are two separate and somewhat different criteria from each other.
Findings from the data analysis showed thatrespondents, besides making distinction between virtues and competencies, in most cases have not taken these two criteria necessarily identical from the perspective of Islamic managementand contrary to popular opinion in the West and subsequently in Western management paradigm, virtue and competence criteria are two separate and somewhat different criteria from each other.
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The present study has been done to investigate basic elements necessary in designing a model for effective management of Mosques. The practical method being used in this research to envisage the conceptual model was practical and singular... more
The present study has been done to investigate basic elements necessary in designing a model for effective management of Mosques. The practical method being used in this research to envisage the conceptual model was practical and singular conceptualization and to do, gathering required information was performed through various sources mainly religious and scientific ones. This study was basic in its orientation, positivistic in its philosophy, inductive in its approach and also it used Delphi method as data collection strategy. Research objectives were exploratory and time horizon of study was cross-sectional. Designing questionnaire, Delphi panel consisting of experts, both in theory and performance, three-stage Delphi study was conducted. In general, eleven dimensions were identified through five major fields in the model; input, process, output, consequence and environmental elements. Dimensions related to input are as follows; virtue of Imam, agents competencies, the merits of congregation and adequacy of financial resources, material and information. Process division includes actions and outputs encompass variety and quality of programs and services. Attracting the majority, making changes and causing transcendence were expected in the consequence division. Environmental factors also encompass environmental organizations and local context. Analyzing the results of the Delphi survey also showed that according to experts, among the various dimensions of the model, the virtue of Imam has had the greatest impact on the effectiveness of Mosque. It was also confirmed that, as opposed to popular perception, the quality of Mosque's programs has owned more importance in the performance indices of Mosque in comparison with variety of programs and services.
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Serving and serve are among the most highly valued notions introduced in religious texts and presented in Muslim religious leader's sayings and actualized by their conducts (Sire). Although vast discussions have been put forward by... more
Serving and serve are among the most highly valued notions introduced in religious texts and presented in Muslim religious leader's sayings and actualized by their conducts (Sire). Although vast discussions have been put forward by managers in our country on the related topics, but yet, this notion and its examples have not been revealed through a scientific and comprehensive model, where it is for four decades that servant leadership modelhas proposed and performed in some western countries. In order to fill this gap and with emulating Imam Khomeini as a worthy model, the present study aimed to review his thoughts about servant leadership. This research paper tried to find answers for these threefold questions based on Imam Khomeini's approach; what is servant leadership?, why is it necessary and how is it possible? Then, it suggested a comprehensive model.
In this paper, which is considered as a fundamental research with an exploratory-descriptive methodology, to study servant leadership from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini content analysis method was used. For gathering and determination of related notions for servant leadership, first; theoretical foundations and different views of western scholars through later years were reviewed and hence, after studying 22 volumes collection of "Imam Khomeini's Sahifeh"related contents were derived and for each one a code was attached to and also their frequency were enumerated.
In order to design a comprehensive model for servant leadership from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini Nvivo 8 (software for qualitative research method) was used for analyzing the data. This model includes 3 dominant notions, 15 popular notions, 35 organizing notions, 110 major notions and 22 minor notions. Their interrelationships have been shown through presented model. Finally, some suggestions have made for future studies.
In this paper, which is considered as a fundamental research with an exploratory-descriptive methodology, to study servant leadership from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini content analysis method was used. For gathering and determination of related notions for servant leadership, first; theoretical foundations and different views of western scholars through later years were reviewed and hence, after studying 22 volumes collection of "Imam Khomeini's Sahifeh"related contents were derived and for each one a code was attached to and also their frequency were enumerated.
In order to design a comprehensive model for servant leadership from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini Nvivo 8 (software for qualitative research method) was used for analyzing the data. This model includes 3 dominant notions, 15 popular notions, 35 organizing notions, 110 major notions and 22 minor notions. Their interrelationships have been shown through presented model. Finally, some suggestions have made for future studies.
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This research aimed to explore, investigate, categorize and discuss definitions and concepts concerning Islamic management in the views of related scholars and experts. Islamic management has long been an important research field about... more
This research aimed to explore, investigate, categorize and discuss definitions and concepts concerning Islamic management in the views of related scholars and experts. Islamic management has long been an important research field about social and political philosophy of Islam in the minds of thinkers and supporters of the Iranian Islamic Revolution. Hence, over the years, various researchers from universities and seminaries have dealt with the discussion, conceptualization and presentation of definitions in this area. This research paper examines the history and studies concerning Islamic management in the works and ideas of philosophers and theorists of this field of science. In order to recognize numerous and different concepts and definitions regarding Islamic management, these were discussed analytically. To analyze the related literature, the method of qualitative content analysis was used in addition to studying library documents. The analysis and classifications showed that each of the experts and scholars of Islamic management provide definitions and explanations based on their own perceptions of Islam in a way that a kind of Islamic management concept can be derived from. However, they have not yet achieved a unified definition. Thus, this definition can be placed into five general categories: divine and monotheistic view, educational view regarding human development, value based view, technical view to Islamic management and finally synthetic or multiple views.
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The supreme leader of Iranian Islamic Revolution; Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in 2001, because of the need to fight corruption and to develop a model for the fight against corruption, issued an 8 articles order and in this message with a deep,... more
The supreme leader of Iranian Islamic Revolution; Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in 2001, because of the need to fight corruption and to develop a model for the fight against corruption, issued an 8 articles order and in this message with a deep, intellectual knowledgeable insight considered all aspects of the issue to provide an ideal model for Alavi government. Investigating this order thoroughly indicates that it is rooted in Imam Ali's decree and commands to Malik Al-Ashtar (one of the most loyal companions of Ali Ibn Abi Talib) mentioned in the letter number 53 of Nahj-Albalagheh. In this paper, it is tried to show that 8 Article Order by the Iran's supreme leader has been based on Imam Ali's command to Malik Al-Ashtar. This comparative study was conducted through a content analysis method. Findings show that there are many similarities between these two governmental decrees; mainly in the case of government's total goals; serving people and seeking justice, causes of corruption; privilege seeking and rentierism, supervision and monitoring and the characteristics of supervisors including commitment, honesty, loyalty, efficiency and principles governing the fight against corruption which consist of decisiveness, courage, justice, equity, non-discrimination, punishment of criminals.
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The idea of justice was proposed by John Rawls in 1971 and was highly welcomed by the scholars. This approach has also entered the realm of ethics and formed the idea of moral justice. Several classifications have been proposed for... more
The idea of justice was proposed by John Rawls in 1971 and was highly welcomed by the scholars. This approach has also entered the realm of ethics and formed the idea of moral justice. Several classifications have been proposed for organizational justice. However, the classification that Greenberg (1993) stated attracted many followers. Greenberg divided organizational justice in three categories: distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice. The justice based approach was found to be more legal rather than moral and that is because the concept of justice required the organization focuses on the rights of individuals. This approach has affected legal aspects of the organization. According to the studies, organizational moral values influence procedural justice and interactional justice, too. The improvement in organizational justice leads to the promotion of organizational commitment and the promotion of organizational commitment causes the growth of moral behavior.
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Control is a process of monitoring activities to ensure activities are based on schedule. This process consists of correcting any significant deficiencies and deviations. Therefore, all managers must be involved in the control activity,... more
Control is a process of monitoring activities to ensure activities are based on schedule. This process consists of correcting any significant deficiencies and deviations. Therefore, all managers must be involved in the control activity, even if the works progress according to the pre-scheduled plan. In this paper, the authors tried to provide theories concerning organizational control based on three major dominant paradigms in social sciences including positivism, interpretivism, and critical approaches. Furthermore, the critiques of different scholars toward these theories were presented. Indeed, the paradox which is apparent in the ideology of modernism would necessitate the entrance of spirituality. In this way, we seek to represent a religious path that can discuss control beyond existing theories.
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The present study was conducted in the field of empowerment of human resources to investigate its impact on the monitoring and controlling of corruption with the purpose of achieving a healthy administrative system. First, it dealt with... more
The present study was conducted in the field of empowerment of human resources to investigate its impact on the monitoring and controlling of corruption with the purpose of achieving a healthy administrative system. First, it dealt with the analytical survey of general policies of administrative reforms. Second, the relevant policies concerning the subject matter of this study and constituting components and indices were determined. Since this study was practical including both library and descriptive methods, next, after proposing definitions and key concepts relating to the existing terminology, it presented approaches, models and studies have been conducted on human resources empowerment and offered an operational model for the empowerment of managers as well. Then, definition of corruption was explained and various kinds of serious and controversial problems in Iran and all around the world were discussed. In the end, based on findings of this research, the preferred model of empowerment of managers was suggested aimed at improving the wellbeing of administrative system and monitoring corruption. Also, some operational strategies were introduced for this purpose.
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The institution of Hesbeh had been recognized as one of the basic governmental – municipal institutions before the establishment of modern municipality activities in Iran. However, in that era of Iran's history the city administration... more
The institution of Hesbeh had been recognized as one of the basic governmental – municipal institutions before the establishment of modern municipality activities in Iran. However, in that era of Iran's history the city administration system was not based on local governments. But its operation and supervision system was integrated and there was not any disagreement in the implementation and supervision on religious, moral, social, economic, judicial and security affairs. In the other words, implementation and monitoring tasks were assigned to Hesbeh institution. Comparing the responsibilities of Hesbeh institution and modern urban management in Iran is of great importance due to new areas that it can offer to today's urban management. This comparative investigation uses multi-synthetic method derived from the combination of recent studies and researches on the responsibilities of Hesbeh institution. Conceptual model resulting from the above-mentioned multi-synthetic method indicates that essential responsibilities of Hesbeh are as follows: supervision on judicial-security affairs, monitoring religious-moral affairs, organizing social-economic affairs. Through this comparison a new aspect called "cultural aspect" can be added to the operational areas of urban management in which controlling and managing cultural and moral issues of society are considered as its new duty.
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Human position in social sciences is in such a way that causes its convergence with natural sciences in epistemological objectivity and methodological unity to become a fundamental challenge. Philosophical studies should be able to... more
Human position in social sciences is in such a way that causes its convergence with natural sciences in epistemological objectivity and methodological unity to become a fundamental challenge. Philosophical studies should be able to highlight this dispute and distinction between human sciences and natural sciences by providing epistemological, ontological, methodological and anthropological questions across human sciences. Organization and organization man as subject matters of management have faced with philosophical and anthropological questions. Islam's philosophical system, maintaining its metaphysical bases, puts human being at the center of philosophical studies. Of these, Transcendent Philosophy as the last achievement in Islamic philosophy dealt with this issue in a special different way other than former Islamic philosophical studies. In this paper, in addition to outlining key anthropological principles of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy its potential impact on management and organization science was investigated under the title of organization man. But before that, a brief overview of some of the theoretical ideas on organization man was presented. They have caused essential different twists in management and organization theories.
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In the era of communication and technology which everything else is changing, need to pay attention to the moral values in human and organizational interactions is greater than ever before. Professional ethics includes areas that are... more
In the era of communication and technology which everything else is changing, need to pay attention to the moral values in human and organizational interactions is greater than ever before. Professional ethics includes areas that are deeply connected with the foundations of values and belief. Human is the fundamental cause of movement and change in organization. Considering this strategic factor in the work environment leads to the growth and excellence of organization. Hence professional ethics plays an important role in this case as it puts forward solutions for modification of organizational communications. In this study, first the genealogy of the related words were investigated and then the main components of professional ethics in organization based on the value system of Islam were extracted and presented both in detailed and schematic forms. Also at the end, to provide the grounds for similar researches the components of professional ethics from the viewpoints of Quran, Islamic Prophet behavior, Alavi conduct and Mahdavi teachings were explained.
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This study examined the relationship between aspects of Islamic management and organizational citizenship behavior of employees of Isfahan University of medical sciences in the midterms of 2013-2014. Research method was descriptive,... more
This study examined the relationship between aspects of Islamic management and organizational citizenship behavior of employees of Isfahan University of medical sciences in the midterms of 2013-2014. Research method was descriptive, correlational too. The study population included 401 faculty and staff of Isfahan University of medical sciences that were sampled randomly, stratified and eighty of them were elected. Data collection consisted of two questionnaires: Massah and colleagues' questionnaire of Islamic management (2011) including 43 questions and organizational-citizenship behavior questionnaire (1997) including 12 questions, both were designed by five point Likert scale, used in this study. The reliability coefficient using Cronbach's alpha for Islamic management questionnaire and organizational-citizenship questionnaire were %81 and %72 respectively. To test the hypothesis and to analyze the data of research the regression coefficient was used via SPSS 20.
Results showed that the emotional aspect of Islamic management with coefficient correlation of 0/399 and significance level of 0/001 can predict 0/159 of organizational-citizenship behavior. Other aspects of Islamic management did not show a significant relationship with organizational citizenship behavior.
Results showed that the emotional aspect of Islamic management with coefficient correlation of 0/399 and significance level of 0/001 can predict 0/159 of organizational-citizenship behavior. Other aspects of Islamic management did not show a significant relationship with organizational citizenship behavior.
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Over many years professors and experts have been done many efforts for the development of Islamic management thought. These efforts are available in the form of books and articles. But it has been proved that without establishment of... more
Over many years professors and experts have been done many efforts for the development of Islamic management thought. These efforts are available in the form of books and articles. But it has been proved that without establishment of theoretical bases consistent with the theories of management re-designing practical systems of managing organizations based on Islamic principles is not possible. For this purpose combination and examination of Islamic approaches with the prevailing point of views of management theories is necessary. This article by classification of the prevailing approaches of management theories aimed to show the results of the combination of Islamic approaches with specific management approaches. Thus, we left behind the concept of Islamization of management that is mostly normative and the positive aspects of Islamic management were discussed. Islamic approaches help managers to change their focus toward the development of moral values and the evolution of manpower in organizations. Also God's consent and achievement of highest degree of perfection should be determined as the goal of organization. Thus, some features for the management processes (including planning, reward and control) and the elements of the organization (consist of managers and employees) were pointed out that form the framework of Islamic management.
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The most important issues of the Islamic community today are the issue of conflict. Conflict is a phenomenon exists more or less in most communities. Regardless of the factors influencing conflict the human perspective to this issue i.e.,... more
The most important issues of the Islamic community today are the issue of conflict. Conflict is a phenomenon exists more or less in most communities. Regardless of the factors influencing conflict the human perspective to this issue i.e., whether the conflict is desirable or undesirable is very important? If it is undesirable there is no choice but to remove it. If desired, how much it is desirable to establish or strengthen so that it reveals the need to manage conflict. This paper examined the underlying factors and the styles of conflict management in practical conduct of Imam Ali (A.S) when facing intrigues and sabotages and negative social conflicts generally. Negative social conflicts that have disruptive and degenerative nature usually occur in the form of issues which threaten the order and unity of the society.
This study has both descriptive and analytical methods. There are several factors behind the occurrence of such conflicts that can be caused by personal factors, intergroup factors, social and managerial ones, or a combination of them. Conflict management style of Imam Ali (A.S) in tackling social conflicts includes three general methods: Mental conflict management, soft conflict management and hard conflict management. Each of these three conflicts is very important, effective and valuable in their place and in dealing with the conflicts mentioned above.
This study has both descriptive and analytical methods. There are several factors behind the occurrence of such conflicts that can be caused by personal factors, intergroup factors, social and managerial ones, or a combination of them. Conflict management style of Imam Ali (A.S) in tackling social conflicts includes three general methods: Mental conflict management, soft conflict management and hard conflict management. Each of these three conflicts is very important, effective and valuable in their place and in dealing with the conflicts mentioned above.
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One of the questions has always been aroused about the performance of local mosques was focused on the interaction of these mosques with local organizations. This study aimed to identify the elements of a model for the interaction of the... more
One of the questions has always been aroused about the performance of local mosques was focused on the interaction of these mosques with local organizations. This study aimed to identify the elements of a model for the interaction of the mosque and local organizations. The method for designing a conceptual model in this study was single practical conceptualization. The research method was a hybrid one consisted of explanatory interviews, observation and a Delphi survey of experts' views. The required information was collected from various religious and scientific sources. According to this study the interaction of local organizations with mosques was considered in three aspects including supporting, monitoring and exchanging information. These three aspects were confirmed by the experts. Considering the top rating of supportive aspect avoiding the concentration and assigning of mosques' affairs to the governments in the local and institutional levels was emphasized. Hence, it is suggested that the management and monitoring of mosques' performances being assigned to a grassroots activists under the supervision of mosques' Imams.
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This present study aims to investigate descriptively and analytically the goals and standards of development and promotion in three fields of behavioral, structural and contextual with the help of 3C's Model in the light of Imam Ali's... more
This present study aims to investigate descriptively and analytically the goals and standards of development and promotion in three fields of behavioral, structural and contextual with the help of 3C's Model in the light of Imam Ali's guidance. The purpose of study is applied and the methodology based on the way of collecting data is descriptive-survey. The population consists of all experts and scientists of Islamic sciences including public management, political studies, policy-making management, economic sciences, environmental sciences, and comparative management and development. By snowball sampling, 118 experienced experts were selected as the sample. In this research first via content analysis, the standards of development and promotion were determined in the light of Imam Ali's guidance and then the initial codes were analyzed and reviewed for several times by MAXQDA software and 102 attributes were determined. Using Fuzzy-Delphi technique, finally from the total attributes, 23 basic attributes of economic development and advancement, 38 basic attributes of administrational and political development, 24 basic attributes of human advancement and promotion and 14 basic attributes of environmental development were identified.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue necessary for religious civilization called religious knowledge management (religion based). In the last twenty years, some studies under the title of knowledge management have been... more
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue necessary for religious civilization called religious knowledge management (religion based). In the last twenty years, some studies under the title of knowledge management have been performed and the theoretical and practical potentials of these studies have revealed. Raising this issue we tried to answer this question that whether it is possible to use effectively from the knowledge of management to establish the new interdisciplinary studies such as knowledge management for religious civilization so that modern management courses which meet the needs of Muslim society in the field of culture and civilization can be founded. This issue linked with the complex problem of making sciences religious. So it seems that the proper presentation of the issue can provide the cooperation of management scholars and researchers especially the researchers of religious studies of the management. Knowledge management and its redefinition in religious civilization based on the foundations and principles presumed by Islam and knowledge traditions of Islamic world's scholars can prelude a new approach in the management of Muslim affairs and opens new horizons on scholars and practitioners of management. In this paper the methodological pattern required for formation of problems and theories in a civilization have been used. From the viewpoint of descriptive and analytical content, four journeys of the intellect (asfar al-‘aqliyya al-arba‘a) was the basic model of religious civilization including fifteen principles of such a civilization. These principles have been adapted from the ideas of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli.
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The concept of participation in urban management is one of the most important and challenging issues in the field of urban development. Numerous theories and different approaches have been proposed until now in the international level... more
The concept of participation in urban management is one of the most important and challenging issues in the field of urban development. Numerous theories and different approaches have been proposed until now in the international level while every view expressed for a particular society and a specific condition. Urban management in Iran is not in an organic interaction with urban planning. However, these must be in a constant connection and direct influence. Unfortunately, most of proceedings concerning urban management and urban planning in Iran need to be nationalized. They are typically organized in an up to bottom attempt while it is expected to be vice – versa. Now, considering the potentials and challenges facing public participation in Iran and by referring to significant contribution of great scholars such as Allameh Tabatabai who have comprehensive and noteworthy views on this important issue, the concept of participation can be locally nationalized. For this purpose, in this paper we first try to investigate the concept of participation in urban management. Second, by citing to the Allameh Tabatabai theory about the “conventional perceptions” (edrakat-e etebari) (including recruitment, community and justice, social property; council; interactive realism; guardianship of the Islamic community), his views on citizens’ participation and their role in the government are explained. Then we describe the role of government in the Muslim society and finally conclude that based on Allameh Tabatabai’s views, citizens’ participation in city management is inevitable and managers of these cities cannot make any decision or enact legislation or organize to implement their plans and projects and monitor their own work without consulting the principal beneficiary interested competent groups who the most important are people and citizens.
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The purpose of this research was development of an organizational spirituality theory from the perspective of Nahjolbalagheh. For this, first the Sermons, Letters and Sayings of Nahjolbalagheh and the key points related to the concept of... more
The purpose of this research was development of an organizational spirituality theory from the perspective of Nahjolbalagheh. For this, first the Sermons, Letters and Sayings of Nahjolbalagheh and the key points related to the concept of organizational spirituality were investigated and extracted. Next, scrutinizing these ideas and arguments and by focusing on the common characteristics between them, the themes of research were compiled in 21 phrases. Finally, by considering these themes and their subject matters, an organizational spirituality theory was developed from the perspective of Nahjolbalagheh based on systematic design of grounded theory. This theory included central category (God-centered), causal factors (belief, action and self-scrutiny), strategies and interactions (training and improvement, supervision and consultation), context (law-abiding), intervening conditions (self-progress and managerial power) and outcomes (commitment, useful interaction, organizational justice and social justice). Regarding the importance of nationalization of management theories and issues and with an emphasis on Islamic management in order to prevention from occurrence of conflict in ideological and administrative foundations of managers and employees, results of this research helps present national theoretical knowledge improve. Findings can also be used as a basis for evaluation of spirituality and its application in organizations.
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This paper examines the concept of conflict and conflict management in the view of Islam and other management schools and investigates this concept in different views of management and attempts to find the similarities and differences... more
This paper examines the concept of conflict and conflict management in the view of Islam and other management schools and investigates this concept in different views of management and attempts to find the similarities and differences between Islamic approaches and the views proposed by scientific schools. The research method of this paper is library method of study using various sources in this field based on rational and narrative methods. The results of this study are as follows: for different related scientific trends there are three major attitudes about conflict. The first one which is recognized traditional view among other three present attitudes believes that conflict is primarily destructive and should be avoided. The second view belongs to the human relations school of management and supposes that conflict is natural and inevitable. The third and last view in an interactive way assumes both functional and non-functional conflict (i.e.; positive and negative conflict) and confirms that in some special situations managers are recommended to create conflict when needed. In fact, each of the above mentioned views go to extremes about conflict at times. Islam states clearly a balanced view on this phenomenon. Despite the belief in both positive and negative attitudes in this regard emphasizes that drawing a borderline between positive and negative conflicts depends on factors such as individuals’ intentions, personal ability, subject matter and especially conflict situations.
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Kaizen is the practice of continuous improvement. Kaizen was originally introduced to the West by Japan. Today Kaizen is recognized worldwide as an important pillar of an organization’s long-term competitive strategy. Kaizen is continuous... more
Kaizen is the practice of continuous improvement. Kaizen was originally introduced to the West by Japan. Today Kaizen is recognized worldwide as an important pillar of an organization’s long-term competitive strategy. Kaizen is continuous improvement that is based on certain guiding principles. Kaizen or continuous improvement of tasks is a model of management aims at encouraging persistent endless perseverance and diligence. This paper, by reviewing the Islamic aspects and implications implicit in Kaizen model of management concerning incessant improvement and prohibition of laziness, investigates the instructions provided in the narratives of the infallible Shia Imams and scrutinizes the possibility of modeling their conducts in this field. The present study is developmental in terms of purpose and is conducted by analytical descriptive method. To collect the required data, library method of study, note taking and classification of statements have been used. In this paper, firstly, as much as possible it has been tried to derive Kaizen principles implied in Islamic sources and then related sources associated with this concept have been identified and analyzed. In addition to finding more exact understanding of this concept, Islamic view relating Kaizen implied in these sources can be explained and applied in this field. However, Kaizen is the implementation of a certain Islamic instruction. Scrutinizing this issue proves that Islamic scholars should pay special attention to the sophisticated instructions of Islam for using Kaizen at different levels of management. And they are recommended to carry on for a striking noteworthy presence in different areas of science and persist to extract scientific discussions of Islamic sources.
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Numerous management papers emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking among managers, but the issue that has been paid less attention is the link between strategic thinking and values. This link connects moralities with business... more
Numerous management papers emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking among managers, but the issue that has been paid less attention is the link between strategic thinking and values. This link connects moralities with business logic. This paper aims at illustrating and defining conceptual framework for the explanation of connection between ethics and strategic thinking. Based on content analysis method, this research paper examines concepts concerning business in Nahjolbalagheh. It attempts to extract central ideas implied in that noteworthy Islamic source. By evaluating their significance and frequency, these ideas will be our guide for understanding the connection between ethic and strategic thinking. In the model derived from the Nahjolbalagheh, Imam Ali (A.S.) based on a transcendental attitude gives business divine approach along with materialistic one. The model presents ethical indices influencing business by focusing on basic indices of business. It demonstrates thinking criteria in business according to the Nahjolbalagheh. Efficiency of strategic thinking requires presentation of the model that shows the criteria of business strategic in a perfect interaction with moral values and includes ethical content associates with a well-defined process.
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Many organizations owe their characteristics to human features. Of these, the idea of Taqwa (virtue) based organizations by benefitting from different ideological principles of today's organizations can play an outstanding role in current... more
Many organizations owe their characteristics to human features. Of these, the idea of Taqwa (virtue) based organizations by benefitting from different ideological principles of today's organizations can play an outstanding role in current societies and it helps human society to achieve its original aims. What differentiates Taqwa (virtue) based organization from other type of this phenomenon is the kind of their prevailing ontology and ideology. As regards the illustrated characteristics of Taqwa (virtue) based organizations and their ideal material and spiritual outcomes, accepting this idea as favorable model of organization in monotheistic cultures seems reasonable. Considering the postmodernism governing scientific atmosphere, this idea can be encouraged and spread as a theory beyond the time and place. This research was an attempt to confirm the belief to this presupposition that expressing and distributing the idea of Taqwa (virtue) based organization enable the spread of spirituality and morality in the inter organizational interactions of the society. In this research, primarily, according to this problematic phenomenon, it is tried to explain the concept of Taqwa and next some organizational malfunctions are presented by emphasizing on pragmatics of organizational analysis in human society. Then by conducting organizational thinking, basic assumptions of Taqwa-oriented organizations are explained through Fuzzy-Delphi technique and descriptive – analytical method of content analysis, and at last unique functions and features of these kinds of organizations are investigated in terms of threefold pathology model consisting of content, structure and context.
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The purpose of this study is evaluation of considering indices of Islamic management in selecting and appointing school managers of Divandarreh city of Iran. The method of this research is a kind of descriptive survey method. The... more
The purpose of this study is evaluation of considering indices of Islamic management in selecting and appointing school managers of Divandarreh city of Iran. The method of this research is a kind of descriptive survey method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all teachers of different levels of education at Divandarreh and the sample group was 278 of teachers selected by using stratified random method. Measuring instruments of research were library resources and a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The theoretical bases of the research were Quran verses, infallible Shia Imams narratives (Hadiths) and the noteworthy Nahjolbalagheh. Research findings show that in selecting school principals indices such as valuism, reputation and expertise of managers have not been paid enough attention and teachers have found them undesirable. However, they evaluate managers in exceptional indices like as work ethic, social, economic and administrative disciplines satisfactory and agreed that in selecting and appointing school principals these indices were taken into consideration.
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It is within a value oriented framework grounded in Islamic culture that the relation between management presuppositions and behavior and the leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA) should be clarified. Through generalizing the obtained model,... more
It is within a value oriented framework grounded in Islamic culture that the relation between management presuppositions and behavior and the leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA) should be clarified. Through generalizing the obtained model, various aspects of Imam Khomeini's model of leadership in Islamic Revolution can be recognized. Indeed, divine based model of management is based on the recognition of human nature and the hierarchy of existence. Such a leadership realizes with the means of management on hearts. This management is unique to the prophets, saints (person of exceptional holiness) and the true followers of them. This study is intended to investigate and understand Imam Khomeini's model of leadership based on the conceptual framework of divinity. For this purpose, using the conceptual framework of the divinity and with a systematic and structured view, the growth of the Muslim community via the leadership of Imam Khomeini is explained through following stages:
First, the conceptual framework of the divinity is introduced briefly along with its structure, bases and components. In the next stage, the leadership behavior of Imam Khomeini is investigated based on this divine foundation and his model of leadership is presented. According to the findings of this research, it is clear that his leadership has been based on the growth of the Muslim community. It was to direct people to achieve the final goal of life, i.e. nearness to God, in the context of Islamic government. Also, through this framework, following the model of Imam Khomeini's leadership and management should be possible.
First, the conceptual framework of the divinity is introduced briefly along with its structure, bases and components. In the next stage, the leadership behavior of Imam Khomeini is investigated based on this divine foundation and his model of leadership is presented. According to the findings of this research, it is clear that his leadership has been based on the growth of the Muslim community. It was to direct people to achieve the final goal of life, i.e. nearness to God, in the context of Islamic government. Also, through this framework, following the model of Imam Khomeini's leadership and management should be possible.
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Today, a large part of human life and human efforts is spent to achieve organization's goals. So organizations should be the context for human eternal happiness. What is the basis of this transformation in organization processes and... more
Today, a large part of human life and human efforts is spent to achieve organization's goals. So organizations should be the context for human eternal happiness. What is the basis of this transformation in organization processes and behaviors? Reviewing management literature guides us to the "vision" of organizations’ leaders and highly ranked managers. This paper is trying to investigate such concept based on a monotheistic perspective and from the viewpoint of Holy Quran. For this purpose, research was conducted in four stages. First, the related concepts were introduced and metaphors and functions of "vision" were identified. Then, referring to "Al-mizan" and "Tasnim", those words and concepts which present the conceptual system of ‘vision’ from the perspective of Quran were recognized. Second, interviews were arranged with 11 industrial managers in Iran and the findings were coded and investigated through theme analyzing method. Third, the findings were offered to research experts in terms of Delphi Questionnaires and were reviewed and revised if necessary. Finally the concept of “vision” and its nature has been reconstructed based on four Quran’s metaphors and the concepts inferred from the experts’ interviews in a framework of a conceptual model.
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Transformational leadership occurs when the leader and the follower lead each other to higher levels of values and motivations. This is the product of mutual transformational influence of leaders and followers. Transformational leadership... more
Transformational leadership occurs when the leader and the follower lead each other to higher levels of values and motivations. This is the product of mutual transformational influence of leaders and followers. Transformational leadership is concerned with the hearts and minds of others. Transformational leadership will help all participants to have higher satisfaction and motivation, and a greater sense of success. Transformational leadership requires trust, respect for others and facilitating needs rather than direct control. Transformational leadership indicators include: long – term discernment, empowering people, coaching, developing others and cultural challenges to generate changes. In transformational leadership, the power of the leader comes from creating mutual understanding and trust. There are three main questions concerning transformational leadership: 1) what is transformational leadership? 2) How to apply it? 3) What are key strengths and weaknesses of the theory of transformational leadership? The first and second questions have been answered by text study method and the literature review of research. To answer the third question two ways were considered: on the first, the views of management researchers were based. On the second, the propositions of the theory were investigated and analyzed by a critique within and outside the structure. On the whole, it was concluded that the theory has strengths and weaknesses and it can be strengthen.
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This paper aimed at discovering, investigation and analysis of axiological foundations of organizational justice from the perspective of Islamic ethics. The existing disagreement between realists and anti-realists on the values has been... more
This paper aimed at discovering, investigation and analysis of axiological foundations of organizational justice from the perspective of Islamic ethics. The existing disagreement between realists and anti-realists on the values has been known as the most total fundamental controversy. This research paper was firstly to explore the axiological bases of theories concerning organizational justice. Secondly, it was to find answer for this question that whether theories of organizational justice are realistic or anti-realistic according to their axiological bases? Next, it investigated and analyzed these foundations based on Islamic theology.
Findings of this study, which are obtained through content analysis method, show that current theories on organizational justice are subjective and anti – realistic in nature. The most underlying means for achieving this approach are relativism, pluralism, fallibility and infallibility and non-rational explanation of what organizational justice is.
Findings of this study, which are obtained through content analysis method, show that current theories on organizational justice are subjective and anti – realistic in nature. The most underlying means for achieving this approach are relativism, pluralism, fallibility and infallibility and non-rational explanation of what organizational justice is.
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Stressing on the sermons and letters of Imam Ali (AS), this paper was to investigate the concept of organizational silence in a comparative study between Islamic perspective and Western views. Based on the findings of this study two types... more
Stressing on the sermons and letters of Imam Ali (AS), this paper was to investigate the concept of organizational silence in a comparative study between Islamic perspective and Western views. Based on the findings of this study two types of silence including positive silence and negative silence can be introduced. In the Western sense of this term, obedient and inactive organizational silence, i.e. employees refrain from expressing opinions and ideas for the sake of organization’s interest, is considered as faulty and implausible. But according to the Islamic definition, refraining from enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, refusing to defend the oppressed, avoiding from advising others, consulting and expressing the truth is abominated. In contrast, there is altruistic silence which insists on refusing to express ideas, Information or comments related to the work with the aim of benefitting others in the organization. But from an Islamic perspective positive silence is to preserve the unity and secrecy of organization’s information as well as silence when someone is not well informed is recommended. Each of these concepts, inferred through this study, are widely used in Organizational Behavior; using them can help to define better relations among employees in relation to each other and between highly ranked managers of an organization and its employees.
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The efforts for improvement of performance have been recognized as basic element since formation of management field. In contrary to the past which the employees were expected to act in the formal role, more behaviors' of roles are... more
The efforts for improvement of performance have been recognized as basic element since formation of management field. In contrary to the past which the employees were expected to act in the formal role, more behaviors' of roles are expected in the new psychological contracts. In several sources, these behaviors are considered as organizational citizenship behaviors with various dimensions that mainly are put forward by the scholars of other countries and therefore, there must not be enough regional and national models in this field.
The main purpose of this research is to offer categories and concepts of organizational citizenship behaviors according to our Islamic and national culture. This research is a grounded theory in purpose, descriptive in data gathering and qualitative in methodology by using meta-synthesis method. By referring to religious and national references, related codes and data since 60s were driven and finally, 43 concepts and 9 categories were concluded. These categories are: wisdom, critical insight, justice, altruism, good temper, virtue, cooperation, adherence to commitments and willingness to progress.
The main purpose of this research is to offer categories and concepts of organizational citizenship behaviors according to our Islamic and national culture. This research is a grounded theory in purpose, descriptive in data gathering and qualitative in methodology by using meta-synthesis method. By referring to religious and national references, related codes and data since 60s were driven and finally, 43 concepts and 9 categories were concluded. These categories are: wisdom, critical insight, justice, altruism, good temper, virtue, cooperation, adherence to commitments and willingness to progress.
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This research is aimed to explain how Knowledge Management (KM) theories are affected by theoretical foundation of KM and outlines the route of this influence. The initial goal of this study is to offer a profound conceptual model for the... more
This research is aimed to explain how Knowledge Management (KM) theories are affected by theoretical foundation of KM and outlines the route of this influence. The initial goal of this study is to offer a profound conceptual model for the influences of theoretical foundations on the theories and expressing the relationships which devise the route of these effects. The final goal is to create a context for proposing a plan in order to reconstruct the field of KM existing in modern sciences and western civilization. This new theory will be proposed in the next paper entitled “a theory on religion based knowledge management”. However, a few of researches have been done on this topic and more studies are needed. To solve the problem, a primary conceptual model of knowledge management influenced by the theory of knowledge is developed. Moreover, we want to review this scientific field according to rival foundation like religious foundation and religious civilization and provide a context for creating new theories about KM based on religious foundation. Furthermore, the literature related to the theoretical foundation of KM in modern science is reviewed and an initial conceptual model is proposed. The foundation divides into two groups named cognitive and none-cognitive. Additionally, the theoretical foundation is divided into three main layers; near layer, the intermediate and far ones. They are recognized as follows; the philosophical bases as far theoretical foundations, paradigmatic bases of humanities, some other sciences and these sciences as middle theoretical layers and inner paradigms of KM and other related fields as near theoretical layer. Finally, the relations between former components and KM theories are extracted and suggested in a framework of a conceptual model. This model can explain how KM foundation influences on its theories. And it is very applicable for the reconstruction of existing theories and propounding new theories.
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Spiritual intellect involves a collection of abilities and capacities that uses spiritual sources to improve people’s compatibility, conformity and satisfaction and provides a better life. This research paper aims at examination of the... more
Spiritual intellect involves a collection of abilities and capacities that uses spiritual sources to improve people’s compatibility, conformity and satisfaction and provides a better life. This research paper aims at examination of the relationship between spiritual intellect and interactive skills by investigating the opinions of Isfahan University students. This research was practical and its method was a kind of descriptive survey and its statistical population was comprised of higher education students at Humanities department of Isfahan University. The stratified random sampling is implemented to evaluate the sample volume and 305 students were selected according to Kookran Formula. The research instruments were two researcher-made questionnaires including spiritual intellect and interactive skills. The validity of their contents was confirmed by experts and their reliabilities were assessed 85 and 96 respectively via Cronbach’s alpha test. Findings show that there are significant relationships between thinking and interactive skills, personal conceptualization and interactive skills, transcendental consciousness and interactive skills and improvement of self-consciousness and interactive skills.
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Investigation and explanation of criteria for selection and evaluation of managers' performances and functions and also assessment of their merits in the light of Imam Ali (A.S) teachings and sermons Method: This research is a review... more
Investigation and explanation of criteria for selection and evaluation of managers' performances and functions and also assessment of their merits in the light of Imam Ali (A.S) teachings and sermons
Method:
This research is a review descriptive one using library method of study and has been categorized and compiled by citing various accounts of Nahjolbalagheh and related websites.
Findings:
In this paper, by studying Imam Ali (A.S) sermons, letters, sayings and his testament managers' merits and virtues were extracted. Of these, the following can be enumerated: justice, knowledge, good policy, knowing the expertise of planning, decisiveness, gentleness and moderateness, happiness and freshness, lawfulness, compromise, the ability for consultation and negotiation, eloquence and persuasiveness, real attraction and repulsion, obedience, temperance and moderation.
Conclusion:
Muslim society can increase its effectiveness and productivity by resorting to Imam Ali (A.S.) teachings and sermons in all areas of selection and appointment of managers and evaluation of their performances. On the other hand, proper management criteria in Islamic system of governance can be divided into three fields: knowledge, expertise and morality.
Method:
This research is a review descriptive one using library method of study and has been categorized and compiled by citing various accounts of Nahjolbalagheh and related websites.
Findings:
In this paper, by studying Imam Ali (A.S) sermons, letters, sayings and his testament managers' merits and virtues were extracted. Of these, the following can be enumerated: justice, knowledge, good policy, knowing the expertise of planning, decisiveness, gentleness and moderateness, happiness and freshness, lawfulness, compromise, the ability for consultation and negotiation, eloquence and persuasiveness, real attraction and repulsion, obedience, temperance and moderation.
Conclusion:
Muslim society can increase its effectiveness and productivity by resorting to Imam Ali (A.S.) teachings and sermons in all areas of selection and appointment of managers and evaluation of their performances. On the other hand, proper management criteria in Islamic system of governance can be divided into three fields: knowledge, expertise and morality.
Research Interests:
As a library research based on a descriptive–analytical method, our research model has been sketched after introducing the criteria of devising this model through Delphi technique qualitatively according to Ayatullah Khamenei’s (may Allah... more
As a library research based on a descriptive–analytical method, our research model has been sketched after introducing the criteria of devising this model through Delphi technique qualitatively according to Ayatullah Khamenei’s (may Allah prolong his life) views. Here we conclude that Islamic-Iranian model of development is a principally intrinsic and existential one in respect to its hardware and institution made up of its four macro-criteria and nine substantive ones. Instead, in terms of software and analysis in all fields of science, it is based on time and space subtleties, which is defined confirmatively as changing principles. Therefore, the model is unique in those affairs that religion has taken for granted, and it is multi-dimensional wherever the affairs are changing temporally and spatially. To answer the main research question (i.e. understanding the quality of Islamic Iranian model of development in terms of being monist or pluralist), we have tried to explain this bi-strata concept, which is formed as two sides of a coin under the theory of pluralist unity and united plurality in coalition correlation fuzzy logic.
Research Interests:
Among the scientific trends that could find accepted position in the humanities, in contrast to the prevalent positivism, was conventionalism. Conventionalism in its branches including the organizational studies is intended to use the... more
Among the scientific trends that could find accepted position in the humanities, in contrast to the prevalent positivism, was conventionalism. Conventionalism in its branches including the organizational studies is intended to use the knowledge results of different paradigms and tries to benefit from all the available conceivable possibilities to recognize organization. The most notably example of these efforts is the Morgan's use of metaphors to understand and deal with organization problems. These metaphors are not meant to be exhaustive and he acknowledges that they can be used individually or in combination to guide our understanding of organizations and organization problems. His aim is to show how metaphor is central to our thinking about organization and management and open new possibilities. This trend regardless of the reciprocal fundamentals in different paradigms fostered a paradoxical suggestion in itself. In contrast to this approach, the present paper introduces Allameh Tabataba'i's Meta-theory of E'tebariat (Agreed Perceptions) as a stronger version for human sciences that can provide a growing capacity for the Morgan's Images of Organization.
Research Interests:
Organizational ethics of today's world of the West, by creating harmony and consistency, developing codes of conduct, both organizational and legal, help western organizations to perform tasks with maximum efficiency and effectiveness and... more
Organizational ethics of today's world of the West, by creating harmony and consistency, developing codes of conduct, both organizational and legal, help western organizations to perform tasks with maximum efficiency and effectiveness and expedite the achievement of the goals and missions. Although the Islamic ethics and especially moral conduct of Imam Ali (A.S.) and His style in governance has necessary integrity in management of the government, society and individuals, but still it is seen that organizations do not achieve acceptable results. It seems that the thought and culture of management has not reached to a level of Islamic belief to know adherence to moral principles the best practices and strategies to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness yet, though achieving the virtues of morality has been recognized as the objective of the divine messengers and subsequently the formation of the government based on religious rules. Among these, the role of management and decision making ways of managers in appearing moral behaviors has been emphasized. Thus, the present study tries to enumerate norm-breakings which may occur in the management of organization considering Islamic teachings of management and especially Imam Ali (A.S.) commands and sermons. And avoiding these kinds of norm-breakings makes Iranian organizations closer to Islamic organizations.
Research Interests:
Transactional leadership is counteractive in itself. James McGregor Burns (1978) distinguished between transactional leaders and transformational by explaining that: transactional leaders are leaders who exchange tangible rewards for the... more
Transactional leadership is counteractive in itself. James McGregor Burns (1978) distinguished between transactional leaders and transformational by explaining that: transactional leaders are leaders who exchange tangible rewards for the work and loyalty of followers. Transactional leaders tend to be more passive as transformational leaders demonstrate active behaviors that include providing a sense of mission. Transactional leaders are concerned with processes rather than forward-thinking ideas. These types of leaders focus on contingent reward (also known as contingent positive reinforcement) or contingent penalization (also known as contingent negative reinforcement). Contingent rewards (such as praise) are given when the set goals are accomplished on-time, ahead of time, or to keep subordinates working at a good pace at different times throughout completion. Transactional leaders use reward and punishments to gain compliance from their followers. They are extrinsic motivators that bring minimal compliance from followers. They accept goals, structure, and the culture of the existing organization. Transactional leaders tend to be directive and action-oriented.
Transactional leaders are willing to work within existing systems and negotiate to attain goals of the organization. They tend to think inside the box when solving problems. Transactional leadership is primarily passive. The behaviors most associated with this type of leadership are establishing the criteria for rewarding followers and maintaining the status quo. Within transactional leadership, there are two factors, contingent reward and management-by-exception. Contingent reward provides rewards for effort and recognizes good performance. Management-by-exception maintains the status quo, intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levels, and initiates corrective action to improve performance.
There have been a number of criticisms leveled against transactional leadership typically proposed by management scholars e.g. Burns (1978) argued that transactional leadership practices lead followers to short-term relationships of exchange with the leader. These relationships tend toward shallow, temporary exchanges of gratification and often create resentments between the participants. Additionally, a number of scholars criticize transactional leadership theory because it utilizes a one-size-fits-all universal approach to leadership theory construction that disregards situational and contextual factors related organizational challenges. It is believed that this theory does not match the needs of today's organizations. On the other hand, the divine school of Islam expresses very delicate, elegant and precise views that demonstrate its special outlook on human, progress and elevation, the one which is neglected in mainstream schools of management.
This research paper aims at criticism of the transactional leadership and tries to propose the ground-breaking comprehensive views extracted from the Quran. The method of research was based on the intra and extra structural critique. In intra structural critique, the purpose of research is evaluation of the cohesion and the solidarity of the theory entities and the harmony between the theory contents and its principles and foundations. In extra structural critique, the theory is examined in terms of their conformity with other related theories and its compliance with Islamic assumptions.
In extra structural critique, this theory has strengthening significant points that led to the emergence of transformational theory. Meditating the Quran verses shows that the concepts suggested in this theory are also articulated in the Quran with more breadth and richness. In contemplating the Quranic verses, primarily the concepts related to the categories of transactional leadership theory were extracted and classified and next the Quran's comprehensive precise views on human, supervision and monitoring, reward and punishment are enunciated clearly and in detail.
Transactional leaders are willing to work within existing systems and negotiate to attain goals of the organization. They tend to think inside the box when solving problems. Transactional leadership is primarily passive. The behaviors most associated with this type of leadership are establishing the criteria for rewarding followers and maintaining the status quo. Within transactional leadership, there are two factors, contingent reward and management-by-exception. Contingent reward provides rewards for effort and recognizes good performance. Management-by-exception maintains the status quo, intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levels, and initiates corrective action to improve performance.
There have been a number of criticisms leveled against transactional leadership typically proposed by management scholars e.g. Burns (1978) argued that transactional leadership practices lead followers to short-term relationships of exchange with the leader. These relationships tend toward shallow, temporary exchanges of gratification and often create resentments between the participants. Additionally, a number of scholars criticize transactional leadership theory because it utilizes a one-size-fits-all universal approach to leadership theory construction that disregards situational and contextual factors related organizational challenges. It is believed that this theory does not match the needs of today's organizations. On the other hand, the divine school of Islam expresses very delicate, elegant and precise views that demonstrate its special outlook on human, progress and elevation, the one which is neglected in mainstream schools of management.
This research paper aims at criticism of the transactional leadership and tries to propose the ground-breaking comprehensive views extracted from the Quran. The method of research was based on the intra and extra structural critique. In intra structural critique, the purpose of research is evaluation of the cohesion and the solidarity of the theory entities and the harmony between the theory contents and its principles and foundations. In extra structural critique, the theory is examined in terms of their conformity with other related theories and its compliance with Islamic assumptions.
In extra structural critique, this theory has strengthening significant points that led to the emergence of transformational theory. Meditating the Quran verses shows that the concepts suggested in this theory are also articulated in the Quran with more breadth and richness. In contemplating the Quranic verses, primarily the concepts related to the categories of transactional leadership theory were extracted and classified and next the Quran's comprehensive precise views on human, supervision and monitoring, reward and punishment are enunciated clearly and in detail.
Research Interests:
This study aimed to investigate the historical records and backgrounds of the Islamic public administration in the management literature of Iran and the world and within meta-theoretical and philosophical justification on the one hand and... more
This study aimed to investigate the historical records and backgrounds of the Islamic public administration in the management literature of Iran and the world and within meta-theoretical and philosophical justification on the one hand and forming the basis of Islamic principles based on religious references and sources on the other hand. Accordingly, following methodology of the new public service movement, efforts have been made to formulate the fundamental principles of Islamic public administration. The first part of this research paper was to analyze and explore the evolution of knowledge of this movement. In the second part meta-theoretical and philosophical reasons for the current trend of management were provided. And the final part of the present paper presented the intellectual and practical foundations of the movement.
Research Interests:
One of the features of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution is anthropocentric culture of its and identification of human-centered fundamental is a basic problem for the managers. The main objective of this study is to design... more
One of the features of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution is anthropocentric culture of its and identification of human-centered fundamental is a basic problem for the managers. The main objective of this study is to design human-centered culture is one of the institutions of the Islamic Revolution.
The method of investigation is qualitative of descriptive study. The population, experts & culture of inside and outside of the organization, , and samples of 14 patients were selected using purposive sampling. A questionnaire survey instrument (self-made) in four phases using the Delphi technique was observed. then The validity of the model was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was achieved using a standard deviation of 0.392.
Human-centered culture behavioral pattern corresponding to the following four components: (a) existing configuration (4:50), (b) Education and Empowerment (4.58), (c) human relations (4.64) (d) leading and guiding (4.49), was identified.
The findings of humanistic culture with an average ratio of 5 obtained 4/53 and human relationships with importance coefficient of 4/64 between the components by a factor of humanistic culture, is ranked first. Organizational behavior processes issue of how of act of people at the moment of work. this finding suggests that the human-centered culture is one of its strengths. This feature is disabled by sovereignty of intimate relationship.
The method of investigation is qualitative of descriptive study. The population, experts & culture of inside and outside of the organization, , and samples of 14 patients were selected using purposive sampling. A questionnaire survey instrument (self-made) in four phases using the Delphi technique was observed. then The validity of the model was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was achieved using a standard deviation of 0.392.
Human-centered culture behavioral pattern corresponding to the following four components: (a) existing configuration (4:50), (b) Education and Empowerment (4.58), (c) human relations (4.64) (d) leading and guiding (4.49), was identified.
The findings of humanistic culture with an average ratio of 5 obtained 4/53 and human relationships with importance coefficient of 4/64 between the components by a factor of humanistic culture, is ranked first. Organizational behavior processes issue of how of act of people at the moment of work. this finding suggests that the human-centered culture is one of its strengths. This feature is disabled by sovereignty of intimate relationship.